diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'module/lib/bottle.py')
| -rw-r--r-- | module/lib/bottle.py | 2922 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2922 deletions
diff --git a/module/lib/bottle.py b/module/lib/bottle.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2c243278e..000000000 --- a/module/lib/bottle.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2922 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -""" -Bottle is a fast and simple micro-framework for small web applications. It -offers request dispatching (Routes) with url parameter support, templates, -a built-in HTTP Server and adapters for many third party WSGI/HTTP-server and -template engines - all in a single file and with no dependencies other than the -Python Standard Library. - -Homepage and documentation: http://bottlepy.org/ - -Copyright (c) 2011, Marcel Hellkamp. -License: MIT (see LICENSE.txt for details) -""" - -from __future__ import with_statement - -__author__ = 'Marcel Hellkamp' -__version__ = '0.10.2' -__license__ = 'MIT' - -# The gevent server adapter needs to patch some modules before they are imported -# This is why we parse the commandline parameters here but handle them later -if __name__ == '__main__': - from optparse import OptionParser - _cmd_parser = OptionParser(usage="usage: %prog [options] package.module:app") - _opt = _cmd_parser.add_option - _opt("--version", action="store_true", help="show version number.") - _opt("-b", "--bind", metavar="ADDRESS", help="bind socket to ADDRESS.") - _opt("-s", "--server", default='wsgiref', help="use SERVER as backend.") - _opt("-p", "--plugin", action="append", help="install additional plugin/s.") - _opt("--debug", action="store_true", help="start server in debug mode.") - _opt("--reload", action="store_true", help="auto-reload on file changes.") - _cmd_options, _cmd_args = _cmd_parser.parse_args() - if _cmd_options.server and _cmd_options.server.startswith('gevent'): - import gevent.monkey; gevent.monkey.patch_all() - -import sys -import base64 -import cgi -import email.utils -import functools -import hmac -import httplib -import imp -import itertools -import mimetypes -import os -import re -import subprocess -import tempfile -import thread -import threading -import time -import warnings - -from Cookie import SimpleCookie -from datetime import date as datedate, datetime, timedelta -from tempfile import TemporaryFile -from traceback import format_exc, print_exc -from urlparse import urljoin, SplitResult as UrlSplitResult - -# Workaround for a bug in some versions of lib2to3 (fixed on CPython 2.7 and 3.2) -import urllib -urlencode = urllib.urlencode -urlquote = urllib.quote -urlunquote = urllib.unquote - -try: from collections import MutableMapping as DictMixin -except ImportError: # pragma: no cover - from UserDict import DictMixin - -try: from urlparse import parse_qs -except ImportError: # pragma: no cover - from cgi import parse_qs - -try: import cPickle as pickle -except ImportError: # pragma: no cover - import pickle - -try: from json import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds -except ImportError: # pragma: no cover - try: from simplejson import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds - except ImportError: # pragma: no cover - try: from django.utils.simplejson import dumps as json_dumps, loads as json_lds - except ImportError: # pragma: no cover - def json_dumps(data): - raise ImportError("JSON support requires Python 2.6 or simplejson.") - json_lds = json_dumps - -py3k = sys.version_info >= (3,0,0) -NCTextIOWrapper = None - -if py3k: # pragma: no cover - json_loads = lambda s: json_lds(touni(s)) - # See Request.POST - from io import BytesIO - def touni(x, enc='utf8', err='strict'): - """ Convert anything to unicode """ - return str(x, enc, err) if isinstance(x, bytes) else str(x) - if sys.version_info < (3,2,0): - from io import TextIOWrapper - class NCTextIOWrapper(TextIOWrapper): - ''' Garbage collecting an io.TextIOWrapper(buffer) instance closes - the wrapped buffer. This subclass keeps it open. ''' - def close(self): pass -else: - json_loads = json_lds - from StringIO import StringIO as BytesIO - bytes = str - def touni(x, enc='utf8', err='strict'): - """ Convert anything to unicode """ - return x if isinstance(x, unicode) else unicode(str(x), enc, err) - -def tob(data, enc='utf8'): - """ Convert anything to bytes """ - return data.encode(enc) if isinstance(data, unicode) else bytes(data) - -tonat = touni if py3k else tob -tonat.__doc__ = """ Convert anything to native strings """ - -def try_update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped, *a, **ka): - try: # Bug: functools breaks if wrapper is an instane method - functools.update_wrapper(wrapper, wrapped, *a, **ka) - except AttributeError: pass - -# Backward compatibility -def depr(message): - warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) - - -# Small helpers -def makelist(data): - if isinstance(data, (tuple, list, set, dict)): return list(data) - elif data: return [data] - else: return [] - - -class DictProperty(object): - ''' Property that maps to a key in a local dict-like attribute. ''' - def __init__(self, attr, key=None, read_only=False): - self.attr, self.key, self.read_only = attr, key, read_only - - def __call__(self, func): - functools.update_wrapper(self, func, updated=[]) - self.getter, self.key = func, self.key or func.__name__ - return self - - def __get__(self, obj, cls): - if obj is None: return self - key, storage = self.key, getattr(obj, self.attr) - if key not in storage: storage[key] = self.getter(obj) - return storage[key] - - def __set__(self, obj, value): - if self.read_only: raise AttributeError("Read-Only property.") - getattr(obj, self.attr)[self.key] = value - - def __delete__(self, obj): - if self.read_only: raise AttributeError("Read-Only property.") - del getattr(obj, self.attr)[self.key] - - -class CachedProperty(object): - ''' A property that is only computed once per instance and then replaces - itself with an ordinary attribute. Deleting the attribute resets the - property. ''' - - def __init__(self, func): - self.func = func - - def __get__(self, obj, cls): - if obj is None: return self - value = obj.__dict__[self.func.__name__] = self.func(obj) - return value - -cached_property = CachedProperty - - -class lazy_attribute(object): # Does not need configuration -> lower-case name - ''' A property that caches itself to the class object. ''' - def __init__(self, func): - functools.update_wrapper(self, func, updated=[]) - self.getter = func - - def __get__(self, obj, cls): - value = self.getter(cls) - setattr(cls, self.__name__, value) - return value - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Exceptions and Events ######################################################## -############################################################################### - - -class BottleException(Exception): - """ A base class for exceptions used by bottle. """ - pass - - -#TODO: These should subclass BaseRequest - -class HTTPResponse(BottleException): - """ Used to break execution and immediately finish the response """ - def __init__(self, output='', status=200, header=None): - super(BottleException, self).__init__("HTTP Response %d" % status) - self.status = int(status) - self.output = output - self.headers = HeaderDict(header) if header else None - - def apply(self, response): - if self.headers: - for key, value in self.headers.iterallitems(): - response.headers[key] = value - response.status = self.status - - -class HTTPError(HTTPResponse): - """ Used to generate an error page """ - def __init__(self, code=500, output='Unknown Error', exception=None, - traceback=None, header=None): - super(HTTPError, self).__init__(output, code, header) - self.exception = exception - self.traceback = traceback - - def __repr__(self): - return template(ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE, e=self) - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Routing ###################################################################### -############################################################################### - - -class RouteError(BottleException): - """ This is a base class for all routing related exceptions """ - - -class RouteReset(BottleException): - """ If raised by a plugin or request handler, the route is reset and all - plugins are re-applied. """ - -class RouterUnknownModeError(RouteError): pass - -class RouteSyntaxError(RouteError): - """ The route parser found something not supported by this router """ - -class RouteBuildError(RouteError): - """ The route could not been built """ - -class Router(object): - ''' A Router is an ordered collection of route->target pairs. It is used to - efficiently match WSGI requests against a number of routes and return - the first target that satisfies the request. The target may be anything, - usually a string, ID or callable object. A route consists of a path-rule - and a HTTP method. - - The path-rule is either a static path (e.g. `/contact`) or a dynamic - path that contains wildcards (e.g. `/wiki/<page>`). The wildcard syntax - and details on the matching order are described in docs:`routing`. - ''' - - default_pattern = '[^/]+' - default_filter = 're' - #: Sorry for the mess. It works. Trust me. - rule_syntax = re.compile('(\\\\*)'\ - '(?:(?::([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)?()(?:#(.*?)#)?)'\ - '|(?:<([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)?(?::([a-zA-Z_]*)'\ - '(?::((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\>]+)+)?)?)?>))') - - def __init__(self, strict=False): - self.rules = {} # A {rule: Rule} mapping - self.builder = {} # A rule/name->build_info mapping - self.static = {} # Cache for static routes: {path: {method: target}} - self.dynamic = [] # Cache for dynamic routes. See _compile() - #: If true, static routes are no longer checked first. - self.strict_order = strict - self.filters = {'re': self.re_filter, 'int': self.int_filter, - 'float': self.re_filter, 'path': self.path_filter} - - def re_filter(self, conf): - return conf or self.default_pattern, None, None - - def int_filter(self, conf): - return r'-?\d+', int, lambda x: str(int(x)) - - def float_filter(self, conf): - return r'-?\d*\.\d+', float, lambda x: str(float(x)) - - def path_filter(self, conf): - return r'.*?', None, None - - def add_filter(self, name, func): - ''' Add a filter. The provided function is called with the configuration - string as parameter and must return a (regexp, to_python, to_url) tuple. - The first element is a string, the last two are callables or None. ''' - self.filters[name] = func - - def parse_rule(self, rule): - ''' Parses a rule into a (name, filter, conf) token stream. If mode is - None, name contains a static rule part. ''' - offset, prefix = 0, '' - for match in self.rule_syntax.finditer(rule): - prefix += rule[offset:match.start()] - g = match.groups() - if len(g[0])%2: # Escaped wildcard - prefix += match.group(0)[len(g[0]):] - offset = match.end() - continue - if prefix: yield prefix, None, None - name, filtr, conf = g[1:4] if not g[2] is None else g[4:7] - if not filtr: filtr = self.default_filter - yield name, filtr, conf or None - offset, prefix = match.end(), '' - if offset <= len(rule) or prefix: - yield prefix+rule[offset:], None, None - - def add(self, rule, method, target, name=None): - ''' Add a new route or replace the target for an existing route. ''' - if rule in self.rules: - self.rules[rule][method] = target - if name: self.builder[name] = self.builder[rule] - return - - target = self.rules[rule] = {method: target} - - # Build pattern and other structures for dynamic routes - anons = 0 # Number of anonymous wildcards - pattern = '' # Regular expression pattern - filters = [] # Lists of wildcard input filters - builder = [] # Data structure for the URL builder - is_static = True - for key, mode, conf in self.parse_rule(rule): - if mode: - is_static = False - mask, in_filter, out_filter = self.filters[mode](conf) - if key: - pattern += '(?P<%s>%s)' % (key, mask) - else: - pattern += '(?:%s)' % mask - key = 'anon%d' % anons; anons += 1 - if in_filter: filters.append((key, in_filter)) - builder.append((key, out_filter or str)) - elif key: - pattern += re.escape(key) - builder.append((None, key)) - self.builder[rule] = builder - if name: self.builder[name] = builder - - if is_static and not self.strict_order: - self.static[self.build(rule)] = target - return - - def fpat_sub(m): - return m.group(0) if len(m.group(1)) % 2 else m.group(1) + '(?:' - flat_pattern = re.sub(r'(\\*)(\(\?P<[^>]*>|\((?!\?))', fpat_sub, pattern) - - try: - re_match = re.compile('^(%s)$' % pattern).match - except re.error, e: - raise RouteSyntaxError("Could not add Route: %s (%s)" % (rule, e)) - - def match(path): - """ Return an url-argument dictionary. """ - url_args = re_match(path).groupdict() - for name, wildcard_filter in filters: - try: - url_args[name] = wildcard_filter(url_args[name]) - except ValueError: - raise HTTPError(400, 'Path has wrong format.') - return url_args - - try: - combined = '%s|(^%s$)' % (self.dynamic[-1][0].pattern, flat_pattern) - self.dynamic[-1] = (re.compile(combined), self.dynamic[-1][1]) - self.dynamic[-1][1].append((match, target)) - except (AssertionError, IndexError), e: # AssertionError: Too many groups - self.dynamic.append((re.compile('(^%s$)' % flat_pattern), - [(match, target)])) - return match - - def build(self, _name, *anons, **query): - ''' Build an URL by filling the wildcards in a rule. ''' - builder = self.builder.get(_name) - if not builder: raise RouteBuildError("No route with that name.", _name) - try: - for i, value in enumerate(anons): query['anon%d'%i] = value - url = ''.join([f(query.pop(n)) if n else f for (n,f) in builder]) - return url if not query else url+'?'+urlencode(query) - except KeyError, e: - raise RouteBuildError('Missing URL argument: %r' % e.args[0]) - - def match(self, environ): - ''' Return a (target, url_agrs) tuple or raise HTTPError(400/404/405). ''' - path, targets, urlargs = environ['PATH_INFO'] or '/', None, {} - if path in self.static: - targets = self.static[path] - else: - for combined, rules in self.dynamic: - match = combined.match(path) - if not match: continue - getargs, targets = rules[match.lastindex - 1] - urlargs = getargs(path) if getargs else {} - break - - if not targets: - raise HTTPError(404, "Not found: " + repr(environ['PATH_INFO'])) - method = environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].upper() - if method in targets: - return targets[method], urlargs - if method == 'HEAD' and 'GET' in targets: - return targets['GET'], urlargs - if 'ANY' in targets: - return targets['ANY'], urlargs - allowed = [verb for verb in targets if verb != 'ANY'] - if 'GET' in allowed and 'HEAD' not in allowed: - allowed.append('HEAD') - raise HTTPError(405, "Method not allowed.", - header=[('Allow',",".join(allowed))]) - - - -class Route(object): - ''' This class wraps a route callback along with route specific metadata and - configuration and applies Plugins on demand. It is also responsible for - turing an URL path rule into a regular expression usable by the Router. - ''' - - - def __init__(self, app, rule, method, callback, name=None, - plugins=None, skiplist=None, **config): - #: The application this route is installed to. - self.app = app - #: The path-rule string (e.g. ``/wiki/:page``). - self.rule = rule - #: The HTTP method as a string (e.g. ``GET``). - self.method = method - #: The original callback with no plugins applied. Useful for introspection. - self.callback = callback - #: The name of the route (if specified) or ``None``. - self.name = name or None - #: A list of route-specific plugins (see :meth:`Bottle.route`). - self.plugins = plugins or [] - #: A list of plugins to not apply to this route (see :meth:`Bottle.route`). - self.skiplist = skiplist or [] - #: Additional keyword arguments passed to the :meth:`Bottle.route` - #: decorator are stored in this dictionary. Used for route-specific - #: plugin configuration and meta-data. - self.config = ConfigDict(config) - - def __call__(self, *a, **ka): - depr("Some APIs changed to return Route() instances instead of"\ - " callables. Make sure to use the Route.call method and not to"\ - " call Route instances directly.") - return self.call(*a, **ka) - - @cached_property - def call(self): - ''' The route callback with all plugins applied. This property is - created on demand and then cached to speed up subsequent requests.''' - return self._make_callback() - - def reset(self): - ''' Forget any cached values. The next time :attr:`call` is accessed, - all plugins are re-applied. ''' - self.__dict__.pop('call', None) - - def prepare(self): - ''' Do all on-demand work immediately (useful for debugging).''' - self.call - - @property - def _context(self): - depr('Switch to Plugin API v2 and access the Route object directly.') - return dict(rule=self.rule, method=self.method, callback=self.callback, - name=self.name, app=self.app, config=self.config, - apply=self.plugins, skip=self.skiplist) - - def all_plugins(self): - ''' Yield all Plugins affecting this route. ''' - unique = set() - for p in reversed(self.app.plugins + self.plugins): - if True in self.skiplist: break - name = getattr(p, 'name', False) - if name and (name in self.skiplist or name in unique): continue - if p in self.skiplist or type(p) in self.skiplist: continue - if name: unique.add(name) - yield p - - def _make_callback(self): - callback = self.callback - for plugin in self.all_plugins(): - try: - if hasattr(plugin, 'apply'): - api = getattr(plugin, 'api', 1) - context = self if api > 1 else self._context - callback = plugin.apply(callback, context) - else: - callback = plugin(callback) - except RouteReset: # Try again with changed configuration. - return self._make_callback() - if not callback is self.callback: - try_update_wrapper(callback, self.callback) - return callback - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Application Object ########################################################### -############################################################################### - - -class Bottle(object): - """ WSGI application """ - - def __init__(self, catchall=True, autojson=True, config=None): - """ Create a new bottle instance. - You usually don't do that. Use `bottle.app.push()` instead. - """ - self.routes = [] # List of installed :class:`Route` instances. - self.router = Router() # Maps requests to :class:`Route` instances. - self.plugins = [] # List of installed plugins. - - self.error_handler = {} - #: If true, most exceptions are catched and returned as :exc:`HTTPError` - self.config = ConfigDict(config or {}) - self.catchall = catchall - #: An instance of :class:`HooksPlugin`. Empty by default. - self.hooks = HooksPlugin() - self.install(self.hooks) - if autojson: - self.install(JSONPlugin()) - self.install(TemplatePlugin()) - - def mount(self, prefix, app, **options): - ''' Mount an application (:class:`Bottle` or plain WSGI) to a specific - URL prefix. Example:: - - root_app.mount('/admin/', admin_app) - - :param prefix: path prefix or `mount-point`. If it ends in a slash, - that slash is mandatory. - :param app: an instance of :class:`Bottle` or a WSGI application. - - All other parameters are passed to the underlying :meth:`route` call. - ''' - if isinstance(app, basestring): - prefix, app = app, prefix - depr('Parameter order of Bottle.mount() changed.') # 0.10 - - parts = filter(None, prefix.split('/')) - if not parts: raise ValueError('Empty path prefix.') - path_depth = len(parts) - options.setdefault('skip', True) - options.setdefault('method', 'ANY') - - @self.route('/%s/:#.*#' % '/'.join(parts), **options) - def mountpoint(): - try: - request.path_shift(path_depth) - rs = BaseResponse([], 200) - def start_response(status, header): - rs.status = status - for name, value in header: rs.add_header(name, value) - return rs.body.append - rs.body = itertools.chain(rs.body, app(request.environ, start_response)) - return HTTPResponse(rs.body, rs.status, rs.headers) - finally: - request.path_shift(-path_depth) - - if not prefix.endswith('/'): - self.route('/' + '/'.join(parts), callback=mountpoint, **options) - - def install(self, plugin): - ''' Add a plugin to the list of plugins and prepare it for being - applied to all routes of this application. A plugin may be a simple - decorator or an object that implements the :class:`Plugin` API. - ''' - if hasattr(plugin, 'setup'): plugin.setup(self) - if not callable(plugin) and not hasattr(plugin, 'apply'): - raise TypeError("Plugins must be callable or implement .apply()") - self.plugins.append(plugin) - self.reset() - return plugin - - def uninstall(self, plugin): - ''' Uninstall plugins. Pass an instance to remove a specific plugin, a type - object to remove all plugins that match that type, a string to remove - all plugins with a matching ``name`` attribute or ``True`` to remove all - plugins. Return the list of removed plugins. ''' - removed, remove = [], plugin - for i, plugin in list(enumerate(self.plugins))[::-1]: - if remove is True or remove is plugin or remove is type(plugin) \ - or getattr(plugin, 'name', True) == remove: - removed.append(plugin) - del self.plugins[i] - if hasattr(plugin, 'close'): plugin.close() - if removed: self.reset() - return removed - - def reset(self, route=None): - ''' Reset all routes (force plugins to be re-applied) and clear all - caches. If an ID or route object is given, only that specific route - is affected. ''' - if route is None: routes = self.routes - elif isinstance(route, Route): routes = [route] - else: routes = [self.routes[route]] - for route in routes: route.reset() - if DEBUG: - for route in routes: route.prepare() - self.hooks.trigger('app_reset') - - def close(self): - ''' Close the application and all installed plugins. ''' - for plugin in self.plugins: - if hasattr(plugin, 'close'): plugin.close() - self.stopped = True - - def match(self, environ): - """ Search for a matching route and return a (:class:`Route` , urlargs) - tuple. The second value is a dictionary with parameters extracted - from the URL. Raise :exc:`HTTPError` (404/405) on a non-match.""" - return self.router.match(environ) - - def get_url(self, routename, **kargs): - """ Return a string that matches a named route """ - scriptname = request.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') + '/' - location = self.router.build(routename, **kargs).lstrip('/') - return urljoin(urljoin('/', scriptname), location) - - def route(self, path=None, method='GET', callback=None, name=None, - apply=None, skip=None, **config): - """ A decorator to bind a function to a request URL. Example:: - - @app.route('/hello/:name') - def hello(name): - return 'Hello %s' % name - - The ``:name`` part is a wildcard. See :class:`Router` for syntax - details. - - :param path: Request path or a list of paths to listen to. If no - path is specified, it is automatically generated from the - signature of the function. - :param method: HTTP method (`GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, ...) or a list of - methods to listen to. (default: `GET`) - :param callback: An optional shortcut to avoid the decorator - syntax. ``route(..., callback=func)`` equals ``route(...)(func)`` - :param name: The name for this route. (default: None) - :param apply: A decorator or plugin or a list of plugins. These are - applied to the route callback in addition to installed plugins. - :param skip: A list of plugins, plugin classes or names. Matching - plugins are not installed to this route. ``True`` skips all. - - Any additional keyword arguments are stored as route-specific - configuration and passed to plugins (see :meth:`Plugin.apply`). - """ - if callable(path): path, callback = None, path - plugins = makelist(apply) - skiplist = makelist(skip) - def decorator(callback): - # TODO: Documentation and tests - if isinstance(callback, basestring): callback = load(callback) - for rule in makelist(path) or yieldroutes(callback): - for verb in makelist(method): - verb = verb.upper() - route = Route(self, rule, verb, callback, name=name, - plugins=plugins, skiplist=skiplist, **config) - self.routes.append(route) - self.router.add(rule, verb, route, name=name) - if DEBUG: route.prepare() - return callback - return decorator(callback) if callback else decorator - - def get(self, path=None, method='GET', **options): - """ Equals :meth:`route`. """ - return self.route(path, method, **options) - - def post(self, path=None, method='POST', **options): - """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``POST`` method parameter. """ - return self.route(path, method, **options) - - def put(self, path=None, method='PUT', **options): - """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``PUT`` method parameter. """ - return self.route(path, method, **options) - - def delete(self, path=None, method='DELETE', **options): - """ Equals :meth:`route` with a ``DELETE`` method parameter. """ - return self.route(path, method, **options) - - def error(self, code=500): - """ Decorator: Register an output handler for a HTTP error code""" - def wrapper(handler): - self.error_handler[int(code)] = handler - return handler - return wrapper - - def hook(self, name): - """ Return a decorator that attaches a callback to a hook. """ - def wrapper(func): - self.hooks.add(name, func) - return func - return wrapper - - def handle(self, path, method='GET'): - """ (deprecated) Execute the first matching route callback and return - the result. :exc:`HTTPResponse` exceptions are catched and returned. - If :attr:`Bottle.catchall` is true, other exceptions are catched as - well and returned as :exc:`HTTPError` instances (500). - """ - depr("This method will change semantics in 0.10. Try to avoid it.") - if isinstance(path, dict): - return self._handle(path) - return self._handle({'PATH_INFO': path, 'REQUEST_METHOD': method.upper()}) - - def _handle(self, environ): - try: - route, args = self.router.match(environ) - environ['route.handle'] = environ['bottle.route'] = route - environ['route.url_args'] = args - return route.call(**args) - except HTTPResponse, r: - return r - except RouteReset: - route.reset() - return self._handle(environ) - except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): - raise - except Exception, e: - if not self.catchall: raise - stacktrace = format_exc(10) - environ['wsgi.errors'].write(stacktrace) - return HTTPError(500, "Internal Server Error", e, stacktrace) - - def _cast(self, out, request, response, peek=None): - """ Try to convert the parameter into something WSGI compatible and set - correct HTTP headers when possible. - Support: False, str, unicode, dict, HTTPResponse, HTTPError, file-like, - iterable of strings and iterable of unicodes - """ - - # Empty output is done here - if not out: - response['Content-Length'] = 0 - return [] - # Join lists of byte or unicode strings. Mixed lists are NOT supported - if isinstance(out, (tuple, list))\ - and isinstance(out[0], (bytes, unicode)): - out = out[0][0:0].join(out) # b'abc'[0:0] -> b'' - # Encode unicode strings - if isinstance(out, unicode): - out = out.encode(response.charset) - # Byte Strings are just returned - if isinstance(out, bytes): - response['Content-Length'] = len(out) - return [out] - # HTTPError or HTTPException (recursive, because they may wrap anything) - # TODO: Handle these explicitly in handle() or make them iterable. - if isinstance(out, HTTPError): - out.apply(response) - out = self.error_handler.get(out.status, repr)(out) - if isinstance(out, HTTPResponse): - depr('Error handlers must not return :exc:`HTTPResponse`.') #0.9 - return self._cast(out, request, response) - if isinstance(out, HTTPResponse): - out.apply(response) - return self._cast(out.output, request, response) - - # File-like objects. - if hasattr(out, 'read'): - if 'wsgi.file_wrapper' in request.environ: - return request.environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](out) - elif hasattr(out, 'close') or not hasattr(out, '__iter__'): - return WSGIFileWrapper(out) - - # Handle Iterables. We peek into them to detect their inner type. - try: - out = iter(out) - first = out.next() - while not first: - first = out.next() - except StopIteration: - return self._cast('', request, response) - except HTTPResponse, e: - first = e - except Exception, e: - first = HTTPError(500, 'Unhandled exception', e, format_exc(10)) - if isinstance(e, (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError))\ - or not self.catchall: - raise - # These are the inner types allowed in iterator or generator objects. - if isinstance(first, HTTPResponse): - return self._cast(first, request, response) - if isinstance(first, bytes): - return itertools.chain([first], out) - if isinstance(first, unicode): - return itertools.imap(lambda x: x.encode(response.charset), - itertools.chain([first], out)) - return self._cast(HTTPError(500, 'Unsupported response type: %s'\ - % type(first)), request, response) - - def wsgi(self, environ, start_response): - """ The bottle WSGI-interface. """ - try: - environ['bottle.app'] = self - request.bind(environ) - response.bind() - out = self._cast(self._handle(environ), request, response) - # rfc2616 section 4.3 - if response._status_code in (100, 101, 204, 304)\ - or request.method == 'HEAD': - if hasattr(out, 'close'): out.close() - out = [] - start_response(response._status_line, list(response.iter_headers())) - return out - except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit, MemoryError): - raise - except Exception, e: - if not self.catchall: raise - err = '<h1>Critical error while processing request: %s</h1>' \ - % environ.get('PATH_INFO', '/') - if DEBUG: - err += '<h2>Error:</h2>\n<pre>%s</pre>\n' % repr(e) - err += '<h2>Traceback:</h2>\n<pre>%s</pre>\n' % format_exc(10) - environ['wsgi.errors'].write(err) #TODO: wsgi.error should not get html - start_response('500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) - return [tob(err)] - - def __call__(self, environ, start_response): - ''' Each instance of :class:'Bottle' is a WSGI application. ''' - return self.wsgi(environ, start_response) - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# HTTP and WSGI Tools ########################################################## -############################################################################### - - -class BaseRequest(DictMixin): - """ A wrapper for WSGI environment dictionaries that adds a lot of - convenient access methods and properties. Most of them are read-only.""" - - #: Maximum size of memory buffer for :attr:`body` in bytes. - MEMFILE_MAX = 102400 - - def __init__(self, environ): - """ Wrap a WSGI environ dictionary. """ - #: The wrapped WSGI environ dictionary. This is the only real attribute. - #: All other attributes actually are read-only properties. - self.environ = environ - environ['bottle.request'] = self - - @property - def path(self): - ''' The value of ``PATH_INFO`` with exactly one prefixed slash (to fix - broken clients and avoid the "empty path" edge case). ''' - return '/' + self.environ.get('PATH_INFO','').lstrip('/') - - @property - def method(self): - ''' The ``REQUEST_METHOD`` value as an uppercase string. ''' - return self.environ.get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET').upper() - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.headers', read_only=True) - def headers(self): - ''' A :class:`WSGIHeaderDict` that provides case-insensitive access to - HTTP request headers. ''' - return WSGIHeaderDict(self.environ) - - def get_header(self, name, default=None): - ''' Return the value of a request header, or a given default value. ''' - return self.headers.get(name, default) - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.cookies', read_only=True) - def cookies(self): - """ Cookies parsed into a :class:`FormsDict`. Signed cookies are NOT - decoded. Use :meth:`get_cookie` if you expect signed cookies. """ - cookies = SimpleCookie(self.environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE','')) - return FormsDict((c.key, c.value) for c in cookies.itervalues()) - - def get_cookie(self, key, default=None, secret=None): - """ Return the content of a cookie. To read a `Signed Cookie`, the - `secret` must match the one used to create the cookie (see - :meth:`BaseResponse.set_cookie`). If anything goes wrong (missing - cookie or wrong signature), return a default value. """ - value = self.cookies.get(key) - if secret and value: - dec = cookie_decode(value, secret) # (key, value) tuple or None - return dec[1] if dec and dec[0] == key else default - return value or default - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.query', read_only=True) - def query(self): - ''' The :attr:`query_string` parsed into a :class:`FormsDict`. These - values are sometimes called "URL arguments" or "GET parameters", but - not to be confused with "URL wildcards" as they are provided by the - :class:`Router`. ''' - data = parse_qs(self.query_string, keep_blank_values=True) - get = self.environ['bottle.get'] = FormsDict() - for key, values in data.iteritems(): - for value in values: - get[key] = value - return get - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.forms', read_only=True) - def forms(self): - """ Form values parsed from an `url-encoded` or `multipart/form-data` - encoded POST or PUT request body. The result is retuned as a - :class:`FormsDict`. All keys and values are strings. File uploads - are stored separately in :attr:`files`. """ - forms = FormsDict() - for name, item in self.POST.iterallitems(): - if not hasattr(item, 'filename'): - forms[name] = item - return forms - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.params', read_only=True) - def params(self): - """ A :class:`FormsDict` with the combined values of :attr:`query` and - :attr:`forms`. File uploads are stored in :attr:`files`. """ - params = FormsDict() - for key, value in self.query.iterallitems(): - params[key] = value - for key, value in self.forms.iterallitems(): - params[key] = value - return params - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.files', read_only=True) - def files(self): - """ File uploads parsed from an `url-encoded` or `multipart/form-data` - encoded POST or PUT request body. The values are instances of - :class:`cgi.FieldStorage`. The most important attributes are: - - filename - The filename, if specified; otherwise None; this is the client - side filename, *not* the file name on which it is stored (that's - a temporary file you don't deal with) - file - The file(-like) object from which you can read the data. - value - The value as a *string*; for file uploads, this transparently - reads the file every time you request the value. Do not do this - on big files. - """ - files = FormsDict() - for name, item in self.POST.iterallitems(): - if hasattr(item, 'filename'): - files[name] = item - return files - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.json', read_only=True) - def json(self): - ''' If the ``Content-Type`` header is ``application/json``, this - property holds the parsed content of the request body. Only requests - smaller than :attr:`MEMFILE_MAX` are processed to avoid memory - exhaustion. ''' - if 'application/json' in self.environ.get('CONTENT_TYPE', '') \ - and 0 < self.content_length < self.MEMFILE_MAX: - return json_loads(self.body.read(self.MEMFILE_MAX)) - return None - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.body', read_only=True) - def _body(self): - maxread = max(0, self.content_length) - stream = self.environ['wsgi.input'] - body = BytesIO() if maxread < self.MEMFILE_MAX else TemporaryFile(mode='w+b') - while maxread > 0: - part = stream.read(min(maxread, self.MEMFILE_MAX)) - if not part: break - body.write(part) - maxread -= len(part) - self.environ['wsgi.input'] = body - body.seek(0) - return body - - @property - def body(self): - """ The HTTP request body as a seek-able file-like object. Depending on - :attr:`MEMFILE_MAX`, this is either a temporary file or a - :class:`io.BytesIO` instance. Accessing this property for the first - time reads and replaces the ``wsgi.input`` environ variable. - Subsequent accesses just do a `seek(0)` on the file object. """ - self._body.seek(0) - return self._body - - #: An alias for :attr:`query`. - GET = query - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.post', read_only=True) - def POST(self): - """ The values of :attr:`forms` and :attr:`files` combined into a single - :class:`FormsDict`. Values are either strings (form values) or - instances of :class:`cgi.FieldStorage` (file uploads). - """ - post = FormsDict() - safe_env = {'QUERY_STRING':''} # Build a safe environment for cgi - for key in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH'): - if key in self.environ: safe_env[key] = self.environ[key] - if NCTextIOWrapper: - fb = NCTextIOWrapper(self.body, encoding='ISO-8859-1', newline='\n') - else: - fb = self.body - data = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=fb, environ=safe_env, keep_blank_values=True) - for item in data.list or []: - post[item.name] = item if item.filename else item.value - return post - - @property - def COOKIES(self): - ''' Alias for :attr:`cookies` (deprecated). ''' - depr('BaseRequest.COOKIES was renamed to BaseRequest.cookies (lowercase).') - return self.cookies - - @property - def url(self): - """ The full request URI including hostname and scheme. If your app - lives behind a reverse proxy or load balancer and you get confusing - results, make sure that the ``X-Forwarded-Host`` header is set - correctly. """ - return self.urlparts.geturl() - - @DictProperty('environ', 'bottle.request.urlparts', read_only=True) - def urlparts(self): - ''' The :attr:`url` string as an :class:`urlparse.SplitResult` tuple. - The tuple contains (scheme, host, path, query_string and fragment), - but the fragment is always empty because it is not visible to the - server. ''' - env = self.environ - http = env.get('wsgi.url_scheme', 'http') - host = env.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST') or env.get('HTTP_HOST') - if not host: - # HTTP 1.1 requires a Host-header. This is for HTTP/1.0 clients. - host = env.get('SERVER_NAME', '127.0.0.1') - port = env.get('SERVER_PORT') - if port and port != ('80' if http == 'http' else '443'): - host += ':' + port - path = urlquote(self.fullpath) - return UrlSplitResult(http, host, path, env.get('QUERY_STRING'), '') - - @property - def fullpath(self): - """ Request path including :attr:`script_name` (if present). """ - return urljoin(self.script_name, self.path.lstrip('/')) - - @property - def query_string(self): - """ The raw :attr:`query` part of the URL (everything in between ``?`` - and ``#``) as a string. """ - return self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '') - - @property - def script_name(self): - ''' The initial portion of the URL's `path` that was removed by a higher - level (server or routing middleware) before the application was - called. This script path is returned with leading and tailing - slashes. ''' - script_name = self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '').strip('/') - return '/' + script_name + '/' if script_name else '/' - - def path_shift(self, shift=1): - ''' Shift path segments from :attr:`path` to :attr:`script_name` and - vice versa. - - :param shift: The number of path segments to shift. May be negative - to change the shift direction. (default: 1) - ''' - script = self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME','/') - self['SCRIPT_NAME'], self['PATH_INFO'] = path_shift(script, self.path, shift) - - @property - def content_length(self): - ''' The request body length as an integer. The client is responsible to - set this header. Otherwise, the real length of the body is unknown - and -1 is returned. In this case, :attr:`body` will be empty. ''' - return int(self.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH') or -1) - - @property - def is_xhr(self): - ''' True if the request was triggered by a XMLHttpRequest. This only - works with JavaScript libraries that support the `X-Requested-With` - header (most of the popular libraries do). ''' - requested_with = self.environ.get('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH','') - return requested_with.lower() == 'xmlhttprequest' - - @property - def is_ajax(self): - ''' Alias for :attr:`is_xhr`. "Ajax" is not the right term. ''' - return self.is_xhr - - @property - def auth(self): - """ HTTP authentication data as a (user, password) tuple. This - implementation currently supports basic (not digest) authentication - only. If the authentication happened at a higher level (e.g. in the - front web-server or a middleware), the password field is None, but - the user field is looked up from the ``REMOTE_USER`` environ - variable. On any errors, None is returned. """ - basic = parse_auth(self.environ.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION','')) - if basic: return basic - ruser = self.environ.get('REMOTE_USER') - if ruser: return (ruser, None) - return None - - @property - def remote_route(self): - """ A list of all IPs that were involved in this request, starting with - the client IP and followed by zero or more proxies. This does only - work if all proxies support the ```X-Forwarded-For`` header. Note - that this information can be forged by malicious clients. """ - proxy = self.environ.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') - if proxy: return [ip.strip() for ip in proxy.split(',')] - remote = self.environ.get('REMOTE_ADDR') - return [remote] if remote else [] - - @property - def remote_addr(self): - """ The client IP as a string. Note that this information can be forged - by malicious clients. """ - route = self.remote_route - return route[0] if route else None - - def copy(self): - """ Return a new :class:`Request` with a shallow :attr:`environ` copy. """ - return Request(self.environ.copy()) - - def __getitem__(self, key): return self.environ[key] - def __delitem__(self, key): self[key] = ""; del(self.environ[key]) - def __iter__(self): return iter(self.environ) - def __len__(self): return len(self.environ) - def keys(self): return self.environ.keys() - def __setitem__(self, key, value): - """ Change an environ value and clear all caches that depend on it. """ - - if self.environ.get('bottle.request.readonly'): - raise KeyError('The environ dictionary is read-only.') - - self.environ[key] = value - todelete = () - - if key == 'wsgi.input': - todelete = ('body', 'forms', 'files', 'params', 'post', 'json') - elif key == 'QUERY_STRING': - todelete = ('query', 'params') - elif key.startswith('HTTP_'): - todelete = ('headers', 'cookies') - - for key in todelete: - self.environ.pop('bottle.request.'+key, None) - - def __repr__(self): - return '<%s: %s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.method, self.url) - -def _hkey(s): - return s.title().replace('_','-') - - -class HeaderProperty(object): - def __init__(self, name, reader=None, writer=str, default=''): - self.name, self.reader, self.writer, self.default = name, reader, writer, default - self.__doc__ = 'Current value of the %r header.' % name.title() - - def __get__(self, obj, cls): - if obj is None: return self - value = obj.headers.get(self.name) - return self.reader(value) if (value and self.reader) else (value or self.default) - - def __set__(self, obj, value): - if self.writer: value = self.writer(value) - obj.headers[self.name] = value - - def __delete__(self, obj): - if self.name in obj.headers: - del obj.headers[self.name] - - -class BaseResponse(object): - """ Storage class for a response body as well as headers and cookies. - - This class does support dict-like case-insensitive item-access to - headers, but is NOT a dict. Most notably, iterating over a response - yields parts of the body and not the headers. - """ - - default_status = 200 - default_content_type = 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' - - # Header blacklist for specific response codes - # (rfc2616 section 10.2.3 and 10.3.5) - bad_headers = { - 204: set(('Content-Type',)), - 304: set(('Allow', 'Content-Encoding', 'Content-Language', - 'Content-Length', 'Content-Range', 'Content-Type', - 'Content-Md5', 'Last-Modified'))} - - def __init__(self, body='', status=None, **headers): - self._status_line = None - self._status_code = None - self.body = body - self._cookies = None - self._headers = {'Content-Type': [self.default_content_type]} - self.status = status or self.default_status - if headers: - for name, value in headers.items(): - self[name] = value - - def copy(self): - ''' Returns a copy of self. ''' - copy = Response() - copy.status = self.status - copy._headers = dict((k, v[:]) for (k, v) in self._headers.items()) - return copy - - def __iter__(self): - return iter(self.body) - - def close(self): - if hasattr(self.body, 'close'): - self.body.close() - - @property - def status_line(self): - ''' The HTTP status line as a string (e.g. ``404 Not Found``).''' - return self._status_line - - @property - def status_code(self): - ''' The HTTP status code as an integer (e.g. 404).''' - return self._status_code - - def _set_status(self, status): - if isinstance(status, int): - code, status = status, _HTTP_STATUS_LINES.get(status) - elif ' ' in status: - status = status.strip() - code = int(status.split()[0]) - else: - raise ValueError('String status line without a reason phrase.') - if not 100 <= code <= 999: raise ValueError('Status code out of range.') - self._status_code = code - self._status_line = status or ('%d Unknown' % code) - - def _get_status(self): - depr('BaseReuqest.status will change to return a string in 0.11. Use'\ - ' status_line and status_code to make sure.') #0.10 - return self._status_code - - status = property(_get_status, _set_status, None, - ''' A writeable property to change the HTTP response status. It accepts - either a numeric code (100-999) or a string with a custom reason - phrase (e.g. "404 Brain not found"). Both :data:`status_line` and - :data:`status_code` are updates accordingly. The return value is - always a numeric code. ''') - del _get_status, _set_status - - @property - def headers(self): - ''' An instance of :class:`HeaderDict`, a case-insensitive dict-like - view on the response headers. ''' - self.__dict__['headers'] = hdict = HeaderDict() - hdict.dict = self._headers - return hdict - - def __contains__(self, name): return _hkey(name) in self._headers - def __delitem__(self, name): del self._headers[_hkey(name)] - def __getitem__(self, name): return self._headers[_hkey(name)][-1] - def __setitem__(self, name, value): self._headers[_hkey(name)] = [str(value)] - - def get_header(self, name, default=None): - ''' Return the value of a previously defined header. If there is no - header with that name, return a default value. ''' - return self._headers.get(_hkey(name), [default])[-1] - - def set_header(self, name, value, append=False): - ''' Create a new response header, replacing any previously defined - headers with the same name. ''' - if append: - self.add_header(name, value) - else: - self._headers[_hkey(name)] = [str(value)] - - def add_header(self, name, value): - ''' Add an additional response header, not removing duplicates. ''' - self._headers.setdefault(_hkey(name), []).append(str(value)) - - def iter_headers(self): - ''' Yield (header, value) tuples, skipping headers that are not - allowed with the current response status code. ''' - headers = self._headers.iteritems() - bad_headers = self.bad_headers.get(self.status_code) - if bad_headers: - headers = [h for h in headers if h[0] not in bad_headers] - for name, values in headers: - for value in values: - yield name, value - if self._cookies: - for c in self._cookies.values(): - yield 'Set-Cookie', c.OutputString() - - def wsgiheader(self): - depr('The wsgiheader method is deprecated. See headerlist.') #0.10 - return self.headerlist - - @property - def headerlist(self): - ''' WSGI conform list of (header, value) tuples. ''' - return list(self.iter_headers()) - - content_type = HeaderProperty('Content-Type') - content_length = HeaderProperty('Content-Length', reader=int) - - @property - def charset(self): - """ Return the charset specified in the content-type header (default: utf8). """ - if 'charset=' in self.content_type: - return self.content_type.split('charset=')[-1].split(';')[0].strip() - return 'UTF-8' - - @property - def COOKIES(self): - """ A dict-like SimpleCookie instance. This should not be used directly. - See :meth:`set_cookie`. """ - depr('The COOKIES dict is deprecated. Use `set_cookie()` instead.') # 0.10 - if not self._cookies: - self._cookies = SimpleCookie() - return self._cookies - - def set_cookie(self, name, value, secret=None, **options): - ''' Create a new cookie or replace an old one. If the `secret` parameter is - set, create a `Signed Cookie` (described below). - - :param name: the name of the cookie. - :param value: the value of the cookie. - :param secret: a signature key required for signed cookies. - - Additionally, this method accepts all RFC 2109 attributes that are - supported by :class:`cookie.Morsel`, including: - - :param max_age: maximum age in seconds. (default: None) - :param expires: a datetime object or UNIX timestamp. (default: None) - :param domain: the domain that is allowed to read the cookie. - (default: current domain) - :param path: limits the cookie to a given path (default: current path) - :param secure: limit the cookie to HTTPS connections (default: off). - :param httponly: prevents client-side javascript to read this cookie - (default: off, requires Python 2.6 or newer). - - If neither `expires` nor `max_age` is set (default), the cookie will - expire at the end of the browser session (as soon as the browser - window is closed). - - Signed cookies may store any pickle-able object and are - cryptographically signed to prevent manipulation. Keep in mind that - cookies are limited to 4kb in most browsers. - - Warning: Signed cookies are not encrypted (the client can still see - the content) and not copy-protected (the client can restore an old - cookie). The main intention is to make pickling and unpickling - save, not to store secret information at client side. - ''' - if not self._cookies: - self._cookies = SimpleCookie() - - if secret: - value = touni(cookie_encode((name, value), secret)) - elif not isinstance(value, basestring): - raise TypeError('Secret key missing for non-string Cookie.') - - if len(value) > 4096: raise ValueError('Cookie value to long.') - self._cookies[name] = value - - for key, value in options.iteritems(): - if key == 'max_age': - if isinstance(value, timedelta): - value = value.seconds + value.days * 24 * 3600 - if key == 'expires': - if isinstance(value, (datedate, datetime)): - value = value.timetuple() - elif isinstance(value, (int, float)): - value = time.gmtime(value) - value = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", value) - self._cookies[name][key.replace('_', '-')] = value - - def delete_cookie(self, key, **kwargs): - ''' Delete a cookie. Be sure to use the same `domain` and `path` - settings as used to create the cookie. ''' - kwargs['max_age'] = -1 - kwargs['expires'] = 0 - self.set_cookie(key, '', **kwargs) - - def __repr__(self): - out = '' - for name, value in self.headerlist: - out += '%s: %s\n' % (name.title(), value.strip()) - return out - - -class LocalRequest(BaseRequest, threading.local): - ''' A thread-local subclass of :class:`BaseRequest`. ''' - def __init__(self): pass - bind = BaseRequest.__init__ - - -class LocalResponse(BaseResponse, threading.local): - ''' A thread-local subclass of :class:`BaseResponse`. ''' - bind = BaseResponse.__init__ - -Response = LocalResponse # BC 0.9 -Request = LocalRequest # BC 0.9 - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Plugins ###################################################################### -############################################################################### - -class PluginError(BottleException): pass - -class JSONPlugin(object): - name = 'json' - api = 2 - - def __init__(self, json_dumps=json_dumps): - self.json_dumps = json_dumps - - def apply(self, callback, context): - dumps = self.json_dumps - if not dumps: return callback - def wrapper(*a, **ka): - rv = callback(*a, **ka) - if isinstance(rv, dict): - #Attempt to serialize, raises exception on failure - json_response = dumps(rv) - #Set content type only if serialization succesful - response.content_type = 'application/json' - return json_response - return rv - return wrapper - - -class HooksPlugin(object): - name = 'hooks' - api = 2 - - _names = 'before_request', 'after_request', 'app_reset' - - def __init__(self): - self.hooks = dict((name, []) for name in self._names) - self.app = None - - def _empty(self): - return not (self.hooks['before_request'] or self.hooks['after_request']) - - def setup(self, app): - self.app = app - - def add(self, name, func): - ''' Attach a callback to a hook. ''' - was_empty = self._empty() - self.hooks.setdefault(name, []).append(func) - if self.app and was_empty and not self._empty(): self.app.reset() - - def remove(self, name, func): - ''' Remove a callback from a hook. ''' - was_empty = self._empty() - if name in self.hooks and func in self.hooks[name]: - self.hooks[name].remove(func) - if self.app and not was_empty and self._empty(): self.app.reset() - - def trigger(self, name, *a, **ka): - ''' Trigger a hook and return a list of results. ''' - hooks = self.hooks[name] - if ka.pop('reversed', False): hooks = hooks[::-1] - return [hook(*a, **ka) for hook in hooks] - - def apply(self, callback, context): - if self._empty(): return callback - def wrapper(*a, **ka): - self.trigger('before_request') - rv = callback(*a, **ka) - self.trigger('after_request', reversed=True) - return rv - return wrapper - - -class TemplatePlugin(object): - ''' This plugin applies the :func:`view` decorator to all routes with a - `template` config parameter. If the parameter is a tuple, the second - element must be a dict with additional options (e.g. `template_engine`) - or default variables for the template. ''' - name = 'template' - api = 2 - - def apply(self, callback, route): - conf = route.config.get('template') - if isinstance(conf, (tuple, list)) and len(conf) == 2: - return view(conf[0], **conf[1])(callback) - elif isinstance(conf, str) and 'template_opts' in route.config: - depr('The `template_opts` parameter is deprecated.') #0.9 - return view(conf, **route.config['template_opts'])(callback) - elif isinstance(conf, str): - return view(conf)(callback) - else: - return callback - - -#: Not a plugin, but part of the plugin API. TODO: Find a better place. -class _ImportRedirect(object): - def __init__(self, name, impmask): - ''' Create a virtual package that redirects imports (see PEP 302). ''' - self.name = name - self.impmask = impmask - self.module = sys.modules.setdefault(name, imp.new_module(name)) - self.module.__dict__.update({'__file__': __file__, '__path__': [], - '__all__': [], '__loader__': self}) - sys.meta_path.append(self) - - def find_module(self, fullname, path=None): - if '.' not in fullname: return - packname, modname = fullname.rsplit('.', 1) - if packname != self.name: return - return self - - def load_module(self, fullname): - if fullname in sys.modules: return sys.modules[fullname] - packname, modname = fullname.rsplit('.', 1) - realname = self.impmask % modname - __import__(realname) - module = sys.modules[fullname] = sys.modules[realname] - setattr(self.module, modname, module) - module.__loader__ = self - return module - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Common Utilities ############################################################# -############################################################################### - - -class MultiDict(DictMixin): - """ This dict stores multiple values per key, but behaves exactly like a - normal dict in that it returns only the newest value for any given key. - There are special methods available to access the full list of values. - """ - - def __init__(self, *a, **k): - self.dict = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in dict(*a, **k).iteritems()) - def __len__(self): return len(self.dict) - def __iter__(self): return iter(self.dict) - def __contains__(self, key): return key in self.dict - def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[key] - def __getitem__(self, key): return self.dict[key][-1] - def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.append(key, value) - def iterkeys(self): return self.dict.iterkeys() - def itervalues(self): return (v[-1] for v in self.dict.itervalues()) - def iteritems(self): return ((k, v[-1]) for (k, v) in self.dict.iteritems()) - def iterallitems(self): - for key, values in self.dict.iteritems(): - for value in values: - yield key, value - - # 2to3 is not able to fix these automatically. - keys = iterkeys if py3k else lambda self: list(self.iterkeys()) - values = itervalues if py3k else lambda self: list(self.itervalues()) - items = iteritems if py3k else lambda self: list(self.iteritems()) - allitems = iterallitems if py3k else lambda self: list(self.iterallitems()) - - def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1, type=None): - ''' Return the most recent value for a key. - - :param default: The default value to be returned if the key is not - present or the type conversion fails. - :param index: An index for the list of available values. - :param type: If defined, this callable is used to cast the value - into a specific type. Exception are suppressed and result in - the default value to be returned. - ''' - try: - val = self.dict[key][index] - return type(val) if type else val - except Exception, e: - pass - return default - - def append(self, key, value): - ''' Add a new value to the list of values for this key. ''' - self.dict.setdefault(key, []).append(value) - - def replace(self, key, value): - ''' Replace the list of values with a single value. ''' - self.dict[key] = [value] - - def getall(self, key): - ''' Return a (possibly empty) list of values for a key. ''' - return self.dict.get(key) or [] - - #: Aliases for WTForms to mimic other multi-dict APIs (Django) - getone = get - getlist = getall - - - -class FormsDict(MultiDict): - ''' This :class:`MultiDict` subclass is used to store request form data. - Additionally to the normal dict-like item access methods (which return - unmodified data as native strings), this container also supports - attribute-like access to its values. Attribues are automatiically de- or - recoded to match :attr:`input_encoding` (default: 'utf8'). Missing - attributes default to an empty string. ''' - - #: Encoding used for attribute values. - input_encoding = 'utf8' - - def getunicode(self, name, default=None, encoding=None): - value, enc = self.get(name, default), encoding or self.input_encoding - try: - if isinstance(value, bytes): # Python 2 WSGI - return value.decode(enc) - elif isinstance(value, unicode): # Python 3 WSGI - return value.encode('latin1').decode(enc) - return value - except UnicodeError, e: - return default - - def __getattr__(self, name): return self.getunicode(name, default=u'') - - -class HeaderDict(MultiDict): - """ A case-insensitive version of :class:`MultiDict` that defaults to - replace the old value instead of appending it. """ - - def __init__(self, *a, **ka): - self.dict = {} - if a or ka: self.update(*a, **ka) - - def __contains__(self, key): return _hkey(key) in self.dict - def __delitem__(self, key): del self.dict[_hkey(key)] - def __getitem__(self, key): return self.dict[_hkey(key)][-1] - def __setitem__(self, key, value): self.dict[_hkey(key)] = [str(value)] - def append(self, key, value): - self.dict.setdefault(_hkey(key), []).append(str(value)) - def replace(self, key, value): self.dict[_hkey(key)] = [str(value)] - def getall(self, key): return self.dict.get(_hkey(key)) or [] - def get(self, key, default=None, index=-1): - return MultiDict.get(self, _hkey(key), default, index) - def filter(self, names): - for name in map(_hkey, names): - if name in self.dict: - del self.dict[name] - - -class WSGIHeaderDict(DictMixin): - ''' This dict-like class wraps a WSGI environ dict and provides convenient - access to HTTP_* fields. Keys and values are native strings - (2.x bytes or 3.x unicode) and keys are case-insensitive. If the WSGI - environment contains non-native string values, these are de- or encoded - using a lossless 'latin1' character set. - - The API will remain stable even on changes to the relevant PEPs. - Currently PEP 333, 444 and 3333 are supported. (PEP 444 is the only one - that uses non-native strings.) - ''' - #: List of keys that do not have a 'HTTP_' prefix. - cgikeys = ('CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH') - - def __init__(self, environ): - self.environ = environ - - def _ekey(self, key): - ''' Translate header field name to CGI/WSGI environ key. ''' - key = key.replace('-','_').upper() - if key in self.cgikeys: - return key - return 'HTTP_' + key - - def raw(self, key, default=None): - ''' Return the header value as is (may be bytes or unicode). ''' - return self.environ.get(self._ekey(key), default) - - def __getitem__(self, key): - return tonat(self.environ[self._ekey(key)], 'latin1') - - def __setitem__(self, key, value): - raise TypeError("%s is read-only." % self.__class__) - - def __delitem__(self, key): - raise TypeError("%s is read-only." % self.__class__) - - def __iter__(self): - for key in self.environ: - if key[:5] == 'HTTP_': - yield key[5:].replace('_', '-').title() - elif key in self.cgikeys: - yield key.replace('_', '-').title() - - def keys(self): return [x for x in self] - def __len__(self): return len(self.keys()) - def __contains__(self, key): return self._ekey(key) in self.environ - - -class ConfigDict(dict): - ''' A dict-subclass with some extras: You can access keys like attributes. - Uppercase attributes create new ConfigDicts and act as name-spaces. - Other missing attributes return None. Calling a ConfigDict updates its - values and returns itself. - - >>> cfg = ConfigDict() - >>> cfg.Namespace.value = 5 - >>> cfg.OtherNamespace(a=1, b=2) - >>> cfg - {'Namespace': {'value': 5}, 'OtherNamespace': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}} - ''' - - def __getattr__(self, key): - if key not in self and key[0].isupper(): - self[key] = ConfigDict() - return self.get(key) - - def __setattr__(self, key, value): - if hasattr(dict, key): - raise AttributeError('Read-only attribute.') - if key in self and self[key] and isinstance(self[key], ConfigDict): - raise AttributeError('Non-empty namespace attribute.') - self[key] = value - - def __delattr__(self, key): - if key in self: del self[key] - - def __call__(self, *a, **ka): - for key, value in dict(*a, **ka).iteritems(): setattr(self, key, value) - return self - - -class AppStack(list): - """ A stack-like list. Calling it returns the head of the stack. """ - - def __call__(self): - """ Return the current default application. """ - return self[-1] - - def push(self, value=None): - """ Add a new :class:`Bottle` instance to the stack """ - if not isinstance(value, Bottle): - value = Bottle() - self.append(value) - return value - - -class WSGIFileWrapper(object): - - def __init__(self, fp, buffer_size=1024*64): - self.fp, self.buffer_size = fp, buffer_size - for attr in ('fileno', 'close', 'read', 'readlines'): - if hasattr(fp, attr): setattr(self, attr, getattr(fp, attr)) - - def __iter__(self): - read, buff = self.fp.read, self.buffer_size - while True: - part = read(buff) - if not part: break - yield part - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Application Helper ########################################################### -############################################################################### - - -def abort(code=500, text='Unknown Error: Application stopped.'): - """ Aborts execution and causes a HTTP error. """ - raise HTTPError(code, text) - - -def redirect(url, code=None): - """ Aborts execution and causes a 303 or 302 redirect, depending on - the HTTP protocol version. """ - if code is None: - code = 303 if request.get('SERVER_PROTOCOL') == "HTTP/1.1" else 302 - location = urljoin(request.url, url) - raise HTTPResponse("", status=code, header=dict(Location=location)) - - -def static_file(filename, root, mimetype='auto', download=False): - """ Open a file in a safe way and return :exc:`HTTPResponse` with status - code 200, 305, 401 or 404. Set Content-Type, Content-Encoding, - Content-Length and Last-Modified header. Obey If-Modified-Since header - and HEAD requests. - """ - root = os.path.abspath(root) + os.sep - filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(root, filename.strip('/\\'))) - header = dict() - - if not filename.startswith(root): - return HTTPError(403, "Access denied.") - if not os.path.exists(filename) or not os.path.isfile(filename): - return HTTPError(404, "File does not exist.") - if not os.access(filename, os.R_OK): - return HTTPError(403, "You do not have permission to access this file.") - - if mimetype == 'auto': - mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(filename) - if mimetype: header['Content-Type'] = mimetype - if encoding: header['Content-Encoding'] = encoding - elif mimetype: - header['Content-Type'] = mimetype - - if download: - download = os.path.basename(filename if download == True else download) - header['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % download - - stats = os.stat(filename) - header['Content-Length'] = stats.st_size - lm = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime(stats.st_mtime)) - header['Last-Modified'] = lm - - ims = request.environ.get('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE') - if ims: - ims = parse_date(ims.split(";")[0].strip()) - if ims is not None and ims >= int(stats.st_mtime): - header['Date'] = time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime()) - return HTTPResponse(status=304, header=header) - - body = '' if request.method == 'HEAD' else open(filename, 'rb') - return HTTPResponse(body, header=header) - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# HTTP Utilities and MISC (TODO) ############################################### -############################################################################### - - -def debug(mode=True): - """ Change the debug level. - There is only one debug level supported at the moment.""" - global DEBUG - DEBUG = bool(mode) - - -def parse_date(ims): - """ Parse rfc1123, rfc850 and asctime timestamps and return UTC epoch. """ - try: - ts = email.utils.parsedate_tz(ims) - return time.mktime(ts[:8] + (0,)) - (ts[9] or 0) - time.timezone - except (TypeError, ValueError, IndexError, OverflowError): - return None - - -def parse_auth(header): - """ Parse rfc2617 HTTP authentication header string (basic) and return (user,pass) tuple or None""" - try: - method, data = header.split(None, 1) - if method.lower() == 'basic': - #TODO: Add 2to3 save base64[encode/decode] functions. - user, pwd = touni(base64.b64decode(tob(data))).split(':',1) - return user, pwd - except (KeyError, ValueError): - return None - - -def _lscmp(a, b): - ''' Compares two strings in a cryptographically save way: - Runtime is not affected by length of common prefix. ''' - return not sum(0 if x==y else 1 for x, y in zip(a, b)) and len(a) == len(b) - - -def cookie_encode(data, key): - ''' Encode and sign a pickle-able object. Return a (byte) string ''' - msg = base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(data, -1)) - sig = base64.b64encode(hmac.new(tob(key), msg).digest()) - return tob('!') + sig + tob('?') + msg - - -def cookie_decode(data, key): - ''' Verify and decode an encoded string. Return an object or None.''' - data = tob(data) - if cookie_is_encoded(data): - sig, msg = data.split(tob('?'), 1) - if _lscmp(sig[1:], base64.b64encode(hmac.new(tob(key), msg).digest())): - return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(msg)) - return None - - -def cookie_is_encoded(data): - ''' Return True if the argument looks like a encoded cookie.''' - return bool(data.startswith(tob('!')) and tob('?') in data) - - -def html_escape(string): - ''' Escape HTML special characters ``&<>`` and quotes ``'"``. ''' - return string.replace('&','&').replace('<','<').replace('>','>')\ - .replace('"','"').replace("'",''') - - -def html_quote(string): - ''' Escape and quote a string to be used as an HTTP attribute.''' - return '"%s"' % html_escape(string).replace('\n','%#10;')\ - .replace('\r',' ').replace('\t','	') - - -def yieldroutes(func): - """ Return a generator for routes that match the signature (name, args) - of the func parameter. This may yield more than one route if the function - takes optional keyword arguments. The output is best described by example:: - - a() -> '/a' - b(x, y) -> '/b/:x/:y' - c(x, y=5) -> '/c/:x' and '/c/:x/:y' - d(x=5, y=6) -> '/d' and '/d/:x' and '/d/:x/:y' - """ - import inspect # Expensive module. Only import if necessary. - path = '/' + func.__name__.replace('__','/').lstrip('/') - spec = inspect.getargspec(func) - argc = len(spec[0]) - len(spec[3] or []) - path += ('/:%s' * argc) % tuple(spec[0][:argc]) - yield path - for arg in spec[0][argc:]: - path += '/:%s' % arg - yield path - - -def path_shift(script_name, path_info, shift=1): - ''' Shift path fragments from PATH_INFO to SCRIPT_NAME and vice versa. - - :return: The modified paths. - :param script_name: The SCRIPT_NAME path. - :param script_name: The PATH_INFO path. - :param shift: The number of path fragments to shift. May be negative to - change the shift direction. (default: 1) - ''' - if shift == 0: return script_name, path_info - pathlist = path_info.strip('/').split('/') - scriptlist = script_name.strip('/').split('/') - if pathlist and pathlist[0] == '': pathlist = [] - if scriptlist and scriptlist[0] == '': scriptlist = [] - if shift > 0 and shift <= len(pathlist): - moved = pathlist[:shift] - scriptlist = scriptlist + moved - pathlist = pathlist[shift:] - elif shift < 0 and shift >= -len(scriptlist): - moved = scriptlist[shift:] - pathlist = moved + pathlist - scriptlist = scriptlist[:shift] - else: - empty = 'SCRIPT_NAME' if shift < 0 else 'PATH_INFO' - raise AssertionError("Cannot shift. Nothing left from %s" % empty) - new_script_name = '/' + '/'.join(scriptlist) - new_path_info = '/' + '/'.join(pathlist) - if path_info.endswith('/') and pathlist: new_path_info += '/' - return new_script_name, new_path_info - - -def validate(**vkargs): - """ - Validates and manipulates keyword arguments by user defined callables. - Handles ValueError and missing arguments by raising HTTPError(403). - """ - depr('Use route wildcard filters instead.') - def decorator(func): - @functools.wraps(func) - def wrapper(*args, **kargs): - for key, value in vkargs.iteritems(): - if key not in kargs: - abort(403, 'Missing parameter: %s' % key) - try: - kargs[key] = value(kargs[key]) - except ValueError: - abort(403, 'Wrong parameter format for: %s' % key) - return func(*args, **kargs) - return wrapper - return decorator - - -def auth_basic(check, realm="private", text="Access denied"): - ''' Callback decorator to require HTTP auth (basic). - TODO: Add route(check_auth=...) parameter. ''' - def decorator(func): - def wrapper(*a, **ka): - user, password = request.auth or (None, None) - if user is None or not check(user, password): - response.headers['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="%s"' % realm - return HTTPError(401, text) - return func(*a, **ka) - return wrapper - return decorator - - -def make_default_app_wrapper(name): - ''' Return a callable that relays calls to the current default app. ''' - @functools.wraps(getattr(Bottle, name)) - def wrapper(*a, **ka): - return getattr(app(), name)(*a, **ka) - return wrapper - - -for name in '''route get post put delete error mount - hook install uninstall'''.split(): - globals()[name] = make_default_app_wrapper(name) -url = make_default_app_wrapper('get_url') -del name - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Server Adapter ############################################################### -############################################################################### - - -class ServerAdapter(object): - quiet = False - def __init__(self, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, **config): - self.options = config - self.host = host - self.port = int(port) - - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - pass - - def __repr__(self): - args = ', '.join(['%s=%s'%(k,repr(v)) for k, v in self.options.items()]) - return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, args) - - -class CGIServer(ServerAdapter): - quiet = True - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler - def fixed_environ(environ, start_response): - environ.setdefault('PATH_INFO', '') - return handler(environ, start_response) - CGIHandler().run(fixed_environ) - - -class FlupFCGIServer(ServerAdapter): - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - import flup.server.fcgi - self.options.setdefault('bindAddress', (self.host, self.port)) - flup.server.fcgi.WSGIServer(handler, **self.options).run() - - -class WSGIRefServer(ServerAdapter): - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server, WSGIRequestHandler - if self.quiet: - class QuietHandler(WSGIRequestHandler): - def log_request(*args, **kw): pass - self.options['handler_class'] = QuietHandler - srv = make_server(self.host, self.port, handler, **self.options) - srv.serve_forever() - - -class CherryPyServer(ServerAdapter): - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - from cherrypy import wsgiserver - server = wsgiserver.CherryPyWSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler) - try: - server.start() - finally: - server.stop() - - -class PasteServer(ServerAdapter): - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - from paste import httpserver - if not self.quiet: - from paste.translogger import TransLogger - handler = TransLogger(handler) - httpserver.serve(handler, host=self.host, port=str(self.port), - **self.options) - - -class MeinheldServer(ServerAdapter): - def run(self, handler): - from meinheld import server - server.listen((self.host, self.port)) - server.run(handler) - - -class FapwsServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Extremely fast webserver using libev. See http://www.fapws.org/ """ - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - import fapws._evwsgi as evwsgi - from fapws import base, config - port = self.port - if float(config.SERVER_IDENT[-2:]) > 0.4: - # fapws3 silently changed its API in 0.5 - port = str(port) - evwsgi.start(self.host, port) - # fapws3 never releases the GIL. Complain upstream. I tried. No luck. - if 'BOTTLE_CHILD' in os.environ and not self.quiet: - print "WARNING: Auto-reloading does not work with Fapws3." - print " (Fapws3 breaks python thread support)" - evwsgi.set_base_module(base) - def app(environ, start_response): - environ['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False - return handler(environ, start_response) - evwsgi.wsgi_cb(('', app)) - evwsgi.run() - - -class TornadoServer(ServerAdapter): - """ The super hyped asynchronous server by facebook. Untested. """ - def run(self, handler): # pragma: no cover - import tornado.wsgi, tornado.httpserver, tornado.ioloop - container = tornado.wsgi.WSGIContainer(handler) - server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(container) - server.listen(port=self.port) - tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start() - - -class AppEngineServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Adapter for Google App Engine. """ - quiet = True - def run(self, handler): - from google.appengine.ext.webapp import util - # A main() function in the handler script enables 'App Caching'. - # Lets makes sure it is there. This _really_ improves performance. - module = sys.modules.get('__main__') - if module and not hasattr(module, 'main'): - module.main = lambda: util.run_wsgi_app(handler) - util.run_wsgi_app(handler) - - -class TwistedServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested. """ - def run(self, handler): - from twisted.web import server, wsgi - from twisted.python.threadpool import ThreadPool - from twisted.internet import reactor - thread_pool = ThreadPool() - thread_pool.start() - reactor.addSystemEventTrigger('after', 'shutdown', thread_pool.stop) - factory = server.Site(wsgi.WSGIResource(reactor, thread_pool, handler)) - reactor.listenTCP(self.port, factory, interface=self.host) - reactor.run() - - -class DieselServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested. """ - def run(self, handler): - from diesel.protocols.wsgi import WSGIApplication - app = WSGIApplication(handler, port=self.port) - app.run() - - -class GeventServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested. Options: - - * `monkey` (default: True) fixes the stdlib to use greenthreads. - * `fast` (default: False) uses libevent's http server, but has some - issues: No streaming, no pipelining, no SSL. - """ - def run(self, handler): - from gevent import wsgi as wsgi_fast, pywsgi, monkey, local - if self.options.get('monkey', True): - if not threading.local is local.local: monkey.patch_all() - wsgi = wsgi_fast if self.options.get('fast') else pywsgi - wsgi.WSGIServer((self.host, self.port), handler).serve_forever() - - -class GunicornServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested. See http://gunicorn.org/configure.html for options. """ - def run(self, handler): - from gunicorn.app.base import Application - - config = {'bind': "%s:%d" % (self.host, int(self.port))} - config.update(self.options) - - class GunicornApplication(Application): - def init(self, parser, opts, args): - return config - - def load(self): - return handler - - GunicornApplication().run() - - -class EventletServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested """ - def run(self, handler): - from eventlet import wsgi, listen - wsgi.server(listen((self.host, self.port)), handler) - - -class RocketServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested. """ - def run(self, handler): - from rocket import Rocket - server = Rocket((self.host, self.port), 'wsgi', { 'wsgi_app' : handler }) - server.start() - - -class BjoernServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Fast server written in C: https://github.com/jonashaag/bjoern """ - def run(self, handler): - from bjoern import run - run(handler, self.host, self.port) - - -class AutoServer(ServerAdapter): - """ Untested. """ - adapters = [PasteServer, CherryPyServer, TwistedServer, WSGIRefServer] - def run(self, handler): - for sa in self.adapters: - try: - return sa(self.host, self.port, **self.options).run(handler) - except ImportError: - pass - -server_names = { - 'cgi': CGIServer, - 'flup': FlupFCGIServer, - 'wsgiref': WSGIRefServer, - 'cherrypy': CherryPyServer, - 'paste': PasteServer, - 'fapws3': FapwsServer, - 'tornado': TornadoServer, - 'gae': AppEngineServer, - 'twisted': TwistedServer, - 'diesel': DieselServer, - 'meinheld': MeinheldServer, - 'gunicorn': GunicornServer, - 'eventlet': EventletServer, - 'gevent': GeventServer, - 'rocket': RocketServer, - 'bjoern' : BjoernServer, - 'auto': AutoServer, -} - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Application Control ########################################################## -############################################################################### - - -def load(target, **namespace): - """ Import a module or fetch an object from a module. - - * ``package.module`` returns `module` as a module object. - * ``pack.mod:name`` returns the module variable `name` from `pack.mod`. - * ``pack.mod:func()`` calls `pack.mod.func()` and returns the result. - - The last form accepts not only function calls, but any type of - expression. Keyword arguments passed to this function are available as - local variables. Example: ``import_string('re:compile(x)', x='[a-z]')`` - """ - module, target = target.split(":", 1) if ':' in target else (target, None) - if module not in sys.modules: __import__(module) - if not target: return sys.modules[module] - if target.isalnum(): return getattr(sys.modules[module], target) - package_name = module.split('.')[0] - namespace[package_name] = sys.modules[package_name] - return eval('%s.%s' % (module, target), namespace) - - -def load_app(target): - """ Load a bottle application from a module and make sure that the import - does not affect the current default application, but returns a separate - application object. See :func:`load` for the target parameter. """ - global NORUN; NORUN, nr_old = True, NORUN - try: - tmp = default_app.push() # Create a new "default application" - rv = load(target) # Import the target module - return rv if callable(rv) else tmp - finally: - default_app.remove(tmp) # Remove the temporary added default application - NORUN = nr_old - -def run(app=None, server='wsgiref', host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, - interval=1, reloader=False, quiet=False, plugins=None, **kargs): - """ Start a server instance. This method blocks until the server terminates. - - :param app: WSGI application or target string supported by - :func:`load_app`. (default: :func:`default_app`) - :param server: Server adapter to use. See :data:`server_names` keys - for valid names or pass a :class:`ServerAdapter` subclass. - (default: `wsgiref`) - :param host: Server address to bind to. Pass ``0.0.0.0`` to listens on - all interfaces including the external one. (default: 127.0.0.1) - :param port: Server port to bind to. Values below 1024 require root - privileges. (default: 8080) - :param reloader: Start auto-reloading server? (default: False) - :param interval: Auto-reloader interval in seconds (default: 1) - :param quiet: Suppress output to stdout and stderr? (default: False) - :param options: Options passed to the server adapter. - """ - if NORUN: return - if reloader and not os.environ.get('BOTTLE_CHILD'): - try: - fd, lockfile = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='bottle.', suffix='.lock') - os.close(fd) # We only need this file to exist. We never write to it - while os.path.exists(lockfile): - args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv - environ = os.environ.copy() - environ['BOTTLE_CHILD'] = 'true' - environ['BOTTLE_LOCKFILE'] = lockfile - p = subprocess.Popen(args, env=environ) - while p.poll() is None: # Busy wait... - os.utime(lockfile, None) # I am alive! - time.sleep(interval) - if p.poll() != 3: - if os.path.exists(lockfile): os.unlink(lockfile) - sys.exit(p.poll()) - except KeyboardInterrupt: - pass - finally: - if os.path.exists(lockfile): - os.unlink(lockfile) - return - - stderr = sys.stderr.write - - try: - app = app or default_app() - if isinstance(app, basestring): - app = load_app(app) - if not callable(app): - raise ValueError("Application is not callable: %r" % app) - - for plugin in plugins or []: - app.install(plugin) - - if server in server_names: - server = server_names.get(server) - if isinstance(server, basestring): - server = load(server) - if isinstance(server, type): - server = server(host=host, port=port, **kargs) - if not isinstance(server, ServerAdapter): - raise ValueError("Unknown or unsupported server: %r" % server) - - server.quiet = server.quiet or quiet - if not server.quiet: - stderr("Bottle server starting up (using %s)...\n" % repr(server)) - stderr("Listening on http://%s:%d/\n" % (server.host, server.port)) - stderr("Hit Ctrl-C to quit.\n\n") - - if reloader: - lockfile = os.environ.get('BOTTLE_LOCKFILE') - bgcheck = FileCheckerThread(lockfile, interval) - with bgcheck: - server.run(app) - if bgcheck.status == 'reload': - sys.exit(3) - else: - server.run(app) - except KeyboardInterrupt: - pass - except (SyntaxError, ImportError): - if not reloader: raise - if not getattr(server, 'quiet', False): print_exc() - sys.exit(3) - finally: - if not getattr(server, 'quiet', False): stderr('Shutdown...\n') - - -class FileCheckerThread(threading.Thread): - ''' Interrupt main-thread as soon as a changed module file is detected, - the lockfile gets deleted or gets to old. ''' - - def __init__(self, lockfile, interval): - threading.Thread.__init__(self) - self.lockfile, self.interval = lockfile, interval - #: Is one of 'reload', 'error' or 'exit' - self.status = None - - def run(self): - exists = os.path.exists - mtime = lambda path: os.stat(path).st_mtime - files = dict() - - for module in sys.modules.values(): - path = getattr(module, '__file__', '') - if path[-4:] in ('.pyo', '.pyc'): path = path[:-1] - if path and exists(path): files[path] = mtime(path) - - while not self.status: - if not exists(self.lockfile)\ - or mtime(self.lockfile) < time.time() - self.interval - 5: - self.status = 'error' - thread.interrupt_main() - for path, lmtime in files.iteritems(): - if not exists(path) or mtime(path) > lmtime: - self.status = 'reload' - thread.interrupt_main() - break - time.sleep(self.interval) - - def __enter__(self): - self.start() - - def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): - if not self.status: self.status = 'exit' # silent exit - self.join() - return issubclass(exc_type, KeyboardInterrupt) - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Template Adapters ############################################################ -############################################################################### - - -class TemplateError(HTTPError): - def __init__(self, message): - HTTPError.__init__(self, 500, message) - - -class BaseTemplate(object): - """ Base class and minimal API for template adapters """ - extensions = ['tpl','html','thtml','stpl'] - settings = {} #used in prepare() - defaults = {} #used in render() - - def __init__(self, source=None, name=None, lookup=[], encoding='utf8', **settings): - """ Create a new template. - If the source parameter (str or buffer) is missing, the name argument - is used to guess a template filename. Subclasses can assume that - self.source and/or self.filename are set. Both are strings. - The lookup, encoding and settings parameters are stored as instance - variables. - The lookup parameter stores a list containing directory paths. - The encoding parameter should be used to decode byte strings or files. - The settings parameter contains a dict for engine-specific settings. - """ - self.name = name - self.source = source.read() if hasattr(source, 'read') else source - self.filename = source.filename if hasattr(source, 'filename') else None - self.lookup = map(os.path.abspath, lookup) - self.encoding = encoding - self.settings = self.settings.copy() # Copy from class variable - self.settings.update(settings) # Apply - if not self.source and self.name: - self.filename = self.search(self.name, self.lookup) - if not self.filename: - raise TemplateError('Template %s not found.' % repr(name)) - if not self.source and not self.filename: - raise TemplateError('No template specified.') - self.prepare(**self.settings) - - @classmethod - def search(cls, name, lookup=[]): - """ Search name in all directories specified in lookup. - First without, then with common extensions. Return first hit. """ - if os.path.isfile(name): return name - for spath in lookup: - fname = os.path.join(spath, name) - if os.path.isfile(fname): - return fname - for ext in cls.extensions: - if os.path.isfile('%s.%s' % (fname, ext)): - return '%s.%s' % (fname, ext) - - @classmethod - def global_config(cls, key, *args): - ''' This reads or sets the global settings stored in class.settings. ''' - if args: - cls.settings = cls.settings.copy() # Make settings local to class - cls.settings[key] = args[0] - else: - return cls.settings[key] - - def prepare(self, **options): - """ Run preparations (parsing, caching, ...). - It should be possible to call this again to refresh a template or to - update settings. - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - def render(self, *args, **kwargs): - """ Render the template with the specified local variables and return - a single byte or unicode string. If it is a byte string, the encoding - must match self.encoding. This method must be thread-safe! - Local variables may be provided in dictionaries (*args) - or directly, as keywords (**kwargs). - """ - raise NotImplementedError - - -class MakoTemplate(BaseTemplate): - def prepare(self, **options): - from mako.template import Template - from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup - options.update({'input_encoding':self.encoding}) - options.setdefault('format_exceptions', bool(DEBUG)) - lookup = TemplateLookup(directories=self.lookup, **options) - if self.source: - self.tpl = Template(self.source, lookup=lookup, **options) - else: - self.tpl = Template(uri=self.name, filename=self.filename, lookup=lookup, **options) - - def render(self, *args, **kwargs): - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - _defaults = self.defaults.copy() - _defaults.update(kwargs) - return self.tpl.render(**_defaults) - - -class CheetahTemplate(BaseTemplate): - def prepare(self, **options): - from Cheetah.Template import Template - self.context = threading.local() - self.context.vars = {} - options['searchList'] = [self.context.vars] - if self.source: - self.tpl = Template(source=self.source, **options) - else: - self.tpl = Template(file=self.filename, **options) - - def render(self, *args, **kwargs): - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - self.context.vars.update(self.defaults) - self.context.vars.update(kwargs) - out = str(self.tpl) - self.context.vars.clear() - return out - - -class Jinja2Template(BaseTemplate): - def prepare(self, filters=None, tests=None, **kwargs): - from jinja2 import Environment, FunctionLoader - if 'prefix' in kwargs: # TODO: to be removed after a while - raise RuntimeError('The keyword argument `prefix` has been removed. ' - 'Use the full jinja2 environment name line_statement_prefix instead.') - self.env = Environment(loader=FunctionLoader(self.loader), **kwargs) - if filters: self.env.filters.update(filters) - if tests: self.env.tests.update(tests) - if self.source: - self.tpl = self.env.from_string(self.source) - else: - self.tpl = self.env.get_template(self.filename) - - def render(self, *args, **kwargs): - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - _defaults = self.defaults.copy() - _defaults.update(kwargs) - return self.tpl.render(**_defaults) - - def loader(self, name): - fname = self.search(name, self.lookup) - if fname: - with open(fname, "rb") as f: - return f.read().decode(self.encoding) - - -class SimpleTALTemplate(BaseTemplate): - ''' Untested! ''' - def prepare(self, **options): - from simpletal import simpleTAL - # TODO: add option to load METAL files during render - if self.source: - self.tpl = simpleTAL.compileHTMLTemplate(self.source) - else: - with open(self.filename, 'rb') as fp: - self.tpl = simpleTAL.compileHTMLTemplate(tonat(fp.read())) - - def render(self, *args, **kwargs): - from simpletal import simpleTALES - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - # TODO: maybe reuse a context instead of always creating one - context = simpleTALES.Context() - for k,v in self.defaults.items(): - context.addGlobal(k, v) - for k,v in kwargs.items(): - context.addGlobal(k, v) - output = StringIO() - self.tpl.expand(context, output) - return output.getvalue() - - -class SimpleTemplate(BaseTemplate): - blocks = ('if', 'elif', 'else', 'try', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'while', - 'with', 'def', 'class') - dedent_blocks = ('elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally') - - @lazy_attribute - def re_pytokens(cls): - ''' This matches comments and all kinds of quoted strings but does - NOT match comments (#...) within quoted strings. (trust me) ''' - return re.compile(r''' - (''(?!')|""(?!")|'{6}|"{6} # Empty strings (all 4 types) - |'(?:[^\\']|\\.)+?' # Single quotes (') - |"(?:[^\\"]|\\.)+?" # Double quotes (") - |'{3}(?:[^\\]|\\.|\n)+?'{3} # Triple-quoted strings (') - |"{3}(?:[^\\]|\\.|\n)+?"{3} # Triple-quoted strings (") - |\#.* # Comments - )''', re.VERBOSE) - - def prepare(self, escape_func=html_escape, noescape=False, **kwargs): - self.cache = {} - enc = self.encoding - self._str = lambda x: touni(x, enc) - self._escape = lambda x: escape_func(touni(x, enc)) - if noescape: - self._str, self._escape = self._escape, self._str - - @classmethod - def split_comment(cls, code): - """ Removes comments (#...) from python code. """ - if '#' not in code: return code - #: Remove comments only (leave quoted strings as they are) - subf = lambda m: '' if m.group(0)[0]=='#' else m.group(0) - return re.sub(cls.re_pytokens, subf, code) - - @cached_property - def co(self): - return compile(self.code, self.filename or '<string>', 'exec') - - @cached_property - def code(self): - stack = [] # Current Code indentation - lineno = 0 # Current line of code - ptrbuffer = [] # Buffer for printable strings and token tuple instances - codebuffer = [] # Buffer for generated python code - multiline = dedent = oneline = False - template = self.source or open(self.filename, 'rb').read() - - def yield_tokens(line): - for i, part in enumerate(re.split(r'\{\{(.*?)\}\}', line)): - if i % 2: - if part.startswith('!'): yield 'RAW', part[1:] - else: yield 'CMD', part - else: yield 'TXT', part - - def flush(): # Flush the ptrbuffer - if not ptrbuffer: return - cline = '' - for line in ptrbuffer: - for token, value in line: - if token == 'TXT': cline += repr(value) - elif token == 'RAW': cline += '_str(%s)' % value - elif token == 'CMD': cline += '_escape(%s)' % value - cline += ', ' - cline = cline[:-2] + '\\\n' - cline = cline[:-2] - if cline[:-1].endswith('\\\\\\\\\\n'): - cline = cline[:-7] + cline[-1] # 'nobr\\\\\n' --> 'nobr' - cline = '_printlist([' + cline + '])' - del ptrbuffer[:] # Do this before calling code() again - code(cline) - - def code(stmt): - for line in stmt.splitlines(): - codebuffer.append(' ' * len(stack) + line.strip()) - - for line in template.splitlines(True): - lineno += 1 - line = line if isinstance(line, unicode)\ - else unicode(line, encoding=self.encoding) - if lineno <= 2: - m = re.search(r"%.*coding[:=]\s*([-\w\.]+)", line) - if m: self.encoding = m.group(1) - if m: line = line.replace('coding','coding (removed)') - if line.strip()[:2].count('%') == 1: - line = line.split('%',1)[1].lstrip() # Full line following the % - cline = self.split_comment(line).strip() - cmd = re.split(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]', cline)[0] - flush() # You are actually reading this? Good luck, it's a mess :) - if cmd in self.blocks or multiline: - cmd = multiline or cmd - dedent = cmd in self.dedent_blocks # "else:" - if dedent and not oneline and not multiline: - cmd = stack.pop() - code(line) - oneline = not cline.endswith(':') # "if 1: pass" - multiline = cmd if cline.endswith('\\') else False - if not oneline and not multiline: - stack.append(cmd) - elif cmd == 'end' and stack: - code('#end(%s) %s' % (stack.pop(), line.strip()[3:])) - elif cmd == 'include': - p = cline.split(None, 2)[1:] - if len(p) == 2: - code("_=_include(%s, _stdout, %s)" % (repr(p[0]), p[1])) - elif p: - code("_=_include(%s, _stdout)" % repr(p[0])) - else: # Empty %include -> reverse of %rebase - code("_printlist(_base)") - elif cmd == 'rebase': - p = cline.split(None, 2)[1:] - if len(p) == 2: - code("globals()['_rebase']=(%s, dict(%s))" % (repr(p[0]), p[1])) - elif p: - code("globals()['_rebase']=(%s, {})" % repr(p[0])) - else: - code(line) - else: # Line starting with text (not '%') or '%%' (escaped) - if line.strip().startswith('%%'): - line = line.replace('%%', '%', 1) - ptrbuffer.append(yield_tokens(line)) - flush() - return '\n'.join(codebuffer) + '\n' - - def subtemplate(self, _name, _stdout, *args, **kwargs): - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - if _name not in self.cache: - self.cache[_name] = self.__class__(name=_name, lookup=self.lookup) - return self.cache[_name].execute(_stdout, kwargs) - - def execute(self, _stdout, *args, **kwargs): - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - env = self.defaults.copy() - env.update({'_stdout': _stdout, '_printlist': _stdout.extend, - '_include': self.subtemplate, '_str': self._str, - '_escape': self._escape, 'get': env.get, - 'setdefault': env.setdefault, 'defined': env.__contains__}) - env.update(kwargs) - eval(self.co, env) - if '_rebase' in env: - subtpl, rargs = env['_rebase'] - rargs['_base'] = _stdout[:] #copy stdout - del _stdout[:] # clear stdout - return self.subtemplate(subtpl,_stdout,rargs) - return env - - def render(self, *args, **kwargs): - """ Render the template using keyword arguments as local variables. """ - for dictarg in args: kwargs.update(dictarg) - stdout = [] - self.execute(stdout, kwargs) - return ''.join(stdout) - - -def template(*args, **kwargs): - ''' - Get a rendered template as a string iterator. - You can use a name, a filename or a template string as first parameter. - Template rendering arguments can be passed as dictionaries - or directly (as keyword arguments). - ''' - tpl = args[0] if args else None - template_adapter = kwargs.pop('template_adapter', SimpleTemplate) - if tpl not in TEMPLATES or DEBUG: - settings = kwargs.pop('template_settings', {}) - lookup = kwargs.pop('template_lookup', TEMPLATE_PATH) - if isinstance(tpl, template_adapter): - TEMPLATES[tpl] = tpl - if settings: TEMPLATES[tpl].prepare(**settings) - elif "\n" in tpl or "{" in tpl or "%" in tpl or '$' in tpl: - TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(source=tpl, lookup=lookup, **settings) - else: - TEMPLATES[tpl] = template_adapter(name=tpl, lookup=lookup, **settings) - if not TEMPLATES[tpl]: - abort(500, 'Template (%s) not found' % tpl) - for dictarg in args[1:]: kwargs.update(dictarg) - return TEMPLATES[tpl].render(kwargs) - -mako_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=MakoTemplate) -cheetah_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=CheetahTemplate) -jinja2_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=Jinja2Template) -simpletal_template = functools.partial(template, template_adapter=SimpleTALTemplate) - - -def view(tpl_name, **defaults): - ''' Decorator: renders a template for a handler. - The handler can control its behavior like that: - - - return a dict of template vars to fill out the template - - return something other than a dict and the view decorator will not - process the template, but return the handler result as is. - This includes returning a HTTPResponse(dict) to get, - for instance, JSON with autojson or other castfilters. - ''' - def decorator(func): - @functools.wraps(func) - def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): - result = func(*args, **kwargs) - if isinstance(result, (dict, DictMixin)): - tplvars = defaults.copy() - tplvars.update(result) - return template(tpl_name, **tplvars) - return result - return wrapper - return decorator - -mako_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=MakoTemplate) -cheetah_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=CheetahTemplate) -jinja2_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=Jinja2Template) -simpletal_view = functools.partial(view, template_adapter=SimpleTALTemplate) - - - - - - -############################################################################### -# Constants and Globals ######################################################## -############################################################################### - - -TEMPLATE_PATH = ['./', './views/'] -TEMPLATES = {} -DEBUG = False -NORUN = False # If set, run() does nothing. Used by load_app() - -#: A dict to map HTTP status codes (e.g. 404) to phrases (e.g. 'Not Found') -HTTP_CODES = httplib.responses -HTTP_CODES[418] = "I'm a teapot" # RFC 2324 -HTTP_CODES[428] = "Precondition Required" -HTTP_CODES[429] = "Too Many Requests" -HTTP_CODES[431] = "Request Header Fields Too Large" -HTTP_CODES[511] = "Network Authentication Required" -_HTTP_STATUS_LINES = dict((k, '%d %s'%(k,v)) for (k,v) in HTTP_CODES.iteritems()) - -#: The default template used for error pages. Override with @error() -ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE = """ -%try: - %from bottle import DEBUG, HTTP_CODES, request, touni - %status_name = HTTP_CODES.get(e.status, 'Unknown').title() - <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> - <html> - <head> - <title>Error {{e.status}}: {{status_name}}</title> - <style type="text/css"> - html {background-color: #eee; font-family: sans;} - body {background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; - padding: 15px; margin: 15px;} - pre {background-color: #eee; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;} - </style> - </head> - <body> - <h1>Error {{e.status}}: {{status_name}}</h1> - <p>Sorry, the requested URL <tt>{{repr(request.url)}}</tt> - caused an error:</p> - <pre>{{e.output}}</pre> - %if DEBUG and e.exception: - <h2>Exception:</h2> - <pre>{{repr(e.exception)}}</pre> - %end - %if DEBUG and e.traceback: - <h2>Traceback:</h2> - <pre>{{e.traceback}}</pre> - %end - </body> - </html> -%except ImportError: - <b>ImportError:</b> Could not generate the error page. Please add bottle to - the import path. -%end -""" - -#: A thread-safe instance of :class:`Request` representing the `current` request. -request = Request() - -#: A thread-safe instance of :class:`Response` used to build the HTTP response. -response = Response() - -#: A thread-safe namespace. Not used by Bottle. -local = threading.local() - -# Initialize app stack (create first empty Bottle app) -# BC: 0.6.4 and needed for run() -app = default_app = AppStack() -app.push() - -#: A virtual package that redirects import statements. -#: Example: ``import bottle.ext.sqlite`` actually imports `bottle_sqlite`. -ext = _ImportRedirect(__name__+'.ext', 'bottle_%s').module - -if __name__ == '__main__': - opt, args, parser = _cmd_options, _cmd_args, _cmd_parser - if opt.version: - print 'Bottle', __version__; sys.exit(0) - if not args: - parser.print_help() - print '\nError: No application specified.\n' - sys.exit(1) - - try: - sys.path.insert(0, '.') - sys.modules.setdefault('bottle', sys.modules['__main__']) - except (AttributeError, ImportError), e: - parser.error(e.args[0]) - - if opt.bind and ':' in opt.bind: - host, port = opt.bind.rsplit(':', 1) - else: - host, port = (opt.bind or 'localhost'), 8080 - - debug(opt.debug) - run(args[0], host=host, port=port, server=opt.server, reloader=opt.reload, plugins=opt.plugin) - -# THE END |